Since the demand for energy is increasing day by day, the governments in major countries have started to explore options other than fossil fuels and to produce energy from alternative/renewable sources. The Government of India had set an ambitious target of 175 GW renewable power installed capacity by the end of 2022. This target aims to install a total of 10 GW worth of Bioenergy capacity. Bioenergy so far is especially prominent in rural India since agricultural residues such as straw and cow dung are easily available. As per the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (“MNRE”), about 32 percent of the total primary energy use in the country is derived from biomass and more than 70 percent of the country’s population, in one way or the other, depends upon it for their energy needs in the rural regions.
In the previous article in this bioenergy special issue we read about advantages and disadvantages of various sources of energy. The green energy goals of various governments have already explored renewable sources but the least explored is biomass energy.
The biomass energy has become the most seeking waste to wealth source since it is renewable, easily disposable and produce products on every stage of its processing while other sources of renewable energy like solar, wind, geothermal etc. are dependent on climate, biomass energy can be used all around the year depending upon the availability of biomass from different sources.
Bioenergy is defined as a renewable energy produced from natural sources capable of replacing fossil energy, it is one of many diverse resources available to help meet demand for energy. It is derived from recently living organic materials known as biomass , which can be used to produce transportation fuels, heat, electricity, and other by products.
Biopower technologies convert biomass into biofuels which are then further converted into heat and electricity using processes like those used with fossil fuels. Biomass conversion to bioenergy is done by three processes i.e. combustion, chemical degradation and enzymatic degradation or fermentation. Bioenergy technologies enable the reuse of carbon from biomass and waste streams into reduced-emissions.
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